Unlike the Portugal Golden Visa, which is Portugal's primary citizenship by investment program requiring significant investment in real estate or other assets, the D7 Visa, also known as the Portugal passive income visa, offers an accessible route to Portuguese residency for those with stable passive income sources.
The D7 has proven particularly popular among UK citizens who find themselves outside the European Union as a result of Brexit. (As well as this article) I would recommend our article moving to Portugal from the UK to anyone who is approaching retirement or, indeed, is considering remote work in Portugal.
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1. What is the Portugal Passive Income Visa?
The D7 visa or retirement visa Portugal - allows foreigners with regular passive income to establish legal residence in Portugal. Unlike other visas, the D7 visa focuses on your ability to support yourself financially while living here.
This residency visa leads to a temporary Portugal residence permit valid for two years, renewable for successive three-year periods. After five years of legal residency, you can apply for a permanent residence permit or even Portuguese citizenship. Portuguese residents enjoy numerous benefits, such as the ability to travel freely within Schengen countries, making the D7 Visa a cost-effective and practical option for those seeking residency in Portugal.
2. Eligibility and Income Requirements
The key to the D7 visa is proving that you meet the minimum income requirements to support yourself without working in Portugal. The Portuguese government sets these thresholds relative to the Portuguese minimum wage (currently €820 per month in 2025).
As a general guideline, you should demonstrate monthly passive income of at least 100% of the minimum wage for the main applicant, plus 50% for a spouse and 30% for each dependent child. Your foreign income can come from various sources:
- Pension payments
- Rental income from properties
- Dividends from investments
- Royalties or intellectual property
- Interest from savings
The Portuguese immigration authorities will examine your bank statements to verify your income is stable and regular. I recommend showing at least 12 months of consistent passive income to strengthen your visa application.
3. Application Process and Legal Requirements
The application process for the Portugal D7 visa requires careful planning and understanding of Portuguese law:
- Gather Documentation: You'll need:
- Valid passport
- Proof of accommodation in Portugal (rental contract or property deed)
- Clean criminal record from your home country
- Private medical insurance
- Proof of passive income
- Birth certificates and marriage certificate if applicable
- Valid passport
- Submit Application: Contact your local Portuguese embassy or Portuguese consulate to submit your visa application.
- Attend Interview: Some consulates require an interview.
- Receive Visa: If approved, you'll receive a temporary visa (valid for 4 months) to enter Portugal.
- Apply for Residence Permit: Once in Portugal, schedule an appointment with the Portuguese immigration services (SEF - Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras) to obtain your temporary residence permit.
- Get Portuguese Tax Number: Apply for a tax number (NIF) and open a Portuguese bank account.
The application process typically takes 2-3 months, though processing times vary by consulate. Planning ahead is essential, and don't forget to budget for the residence permit fee, which currently stands at approximately €200 per person.
As can be seen, the D7 visa application involves several key steps - this includes securing proof of accommodation in Portugal. Applicants must demonstrate they have a place to reside, which can be fulfilled through a rental agreement or property ownership.
For those considering purchasing property as part of their relocation, understanding the legal and financial aspects is crucial. Our comprehensive guide on buying property in Portugal provides detailed information on the process, legal obligations, and potential pitfalls to avoid.
4. Application Costs and Processing Times
When applying for the D7 Visa, it’s important to be aware of the associated costs and processing times. The application fee for the D7 Visa is approximately €100, while the residence permit fee costs around €90. These fees are quite modest compared to other visa programs, making the D7 Visa an attractive option for many.
The processing time for the D7 Visa can take up to 2 months, and once you arrive in Portugal, the residence permit can take up to 4 months to be processed and issued. You should note that these times can vary depending on the specific requirements of the Portuguese authorities and the complexity of your application.
To ensure a smooth transition, it’s recommended to apply for the D7 Visa and residence permit well in advance of your planned move to Portugal. Such an approach helps avoid any last-minute complications and ensures you receive your documents in time from the Portuguese immigration services.
5. From Temporary to Permanent Status
Your journey as a Portuguese resident begins with a temporary stay visa, which allows you to enter Portugal. Once in the country, you'll receive Portuguese residence permits that need renewal every two years initially, and then every three years.
As a D7 visa holder with a temporary residency permit, you enjoy freedom to travel throughout the European Union's Schengen Area. However, to maintain your residency status, you must spend at least 6 months per year in Portugal.
This residency requirement is critical for those planning to apply for a permanent residence permit or Portuguese citizenship after five years. The Portuguese immigration authorities check your entry and exit stamps, so tracking your time outside Portugal is important.
6. Residency and Citizenship Options
The Portugal D7 Visa offers a clear pathway to both residency and citizenship in Portugal. Initially, you will receive a temporary residence permit, which is valid for two years and can be renewed for successive three-year periods. To transition from a temporary residence permit to permanent residency, you must have resided in Portugal for at least 183 days each year for five consecutive years. Additionally, you must meet basic language and cultural integration requirements.
Once you have held permanent residency for one year, you become eligible to apply for Portuguese citizenship. This step requires you to continue meeting the residency requirement of 183 days per year, demonstrate proficiency in the Portuguese language, and pass a citizenship test that covers Portuguese history and culture.
Achieving Portuguese citizenship comes with numerous benefits. As a Portuguese citizen, you gain the right to live and work not only in Portugal but throughout the European Union. You also gain access to Portugal’s high-quality education and healthcare systems and the ability to travel visa-free to over 170 countries. The D7 Visa thus provides a structured and attainable route to becoming a full-fledged Portuguese citizen.
7. Benefits of Living in Portugal
Portugal offers numerous advantages for D7 visa holders:
- Safe environment with low crime rates
- Excellent healthcare system
- High quality of life
- Lower cost of living compared to other Western European countries
- Mild climate year-round
- Rich cultural heritage
- Friendly local population
Until recently Portugal offered the Portuguese Non-Habitual Residency tax regime, which provided tax benefits for the first ten years as a tax resident. While this has now been withdrawn to new entrants, it can still be applied for by those who became tax resident before the cut-off, and are able to demonstrate they comply with the requirements. Those retiring in Portugal in the last number of years would do well to consider applying quickly given the current projectory of Portuguese tax rates.
8. Cost of Living in Portugal
One of the most appealing aspects of relocating to Portugal is its relatively low cost of living compared to other Western European countries. This affordability extends across various aspects of daily life, making it an attractive destination for retirees, digital nomads, and families alike.
Accommodation costs in Portugal can vary significantly depending on the location and type of property. For instance, renting a one-bedroom apartment in the city center typically ranges from €600 to €1,000 per month. If you prefer a more spacious living arrangement, a three-bedroom apartment in the suburbs can cost between €800 and €1,500 per month.
Food expenses are also quite reasonable. Dining out at a mid-range restaurant usually costs around €10 to €15 per person. For those who prefer cooking at home, a weekly grocery basket of basic items generally costs between €30 and €50.
Transportation is another area where Portugal shines in terms of affordability. A monthly public transportation pass costs approximately €30 to €50, providing access to an efficient and reliable network of buses, trams, and trains.
Overall, the cost of living in Portugal allows for a comfortable lifestyle without the high expenses often associated with other Western European countries.
9. Tax Implications and NHR Scheme
One of the significant advantages of the D7 Visa was the potential eligibility for the Non-Habitual Residency (NHR) scheme, which offers a range of tax benefits. However, this scheme has now been withdrawn and is open only to those who became tax resident before the scheme closed. To qualify for the NHR scheme, you must have the right of residency in Portugal and not have been a tax resident in Portugal for the last five years.
For those who are still able to access the the NHR scheme, it provides substantial tax benefits, including preferential Portuguese tax rates of 20% flat tax for certain professions such as doctors, lawyers, and engineers. Additionally, the scheme offers tax exemptions on foreign income, including dividends, interest, and royalties. This can be particularly advantageous for retirees and remote workers with income sources outside Portugal.
It is highly advisable to consult with a tax professional to fully understand the tax implications of the D7 Visa and the NHR scheme. A tax advisor can help ensure you comply with all tax requirements and maximize the benefits available under the NHR scheme.
10. Healthcare and Financial Setup
All D7 visa applicants need health insurance coverage when they apply. Once you receive your residence permit, you can register with the Portuguese National Education Service (SNS) for public healthcare access.
Opening a Portuguese bank account is essential. Most banks require:
- Tax number (NIF)
- Proof of address
- Valid passport
- Residence permit
Many Portuguese banks offer English-speaking services, particularly in areas popular with expatriates. I advise clients to transfer substantial funds to their Portuguese bank account before their SEF appointment to demonstrate financial stability.
11. Health Insurance and Other Requirements
Health insurance is a mandatory requirement when applying for the D7 Visa. You can choose to purchase private health insurance from a Portuguese insurance company or opt for an international insurance provider that offers coverage in Portugal. This ensures you have access to healthcare services while residing in Portugal.
In addition to health insurance, you must meet several other requirements to qualify for the D7 Visa. These include having a valid passport, proof of sufficient passive income, and proof of accommodation in Portugal. You will also need to register with the Portuguese authorities and obtain a residence permit once you arrive in the country.
Meeting all these requirements is essential to avoid any delays or complications in the application process. Ensuring you have all the necessary documentation and insurance coverage will help streamline your transition to becoming a Portuguese resident.
12. Family Reunification
The D7 visa allows you to bring family members with you to Portugal. Spouses, dependent children, and in some cases, dependent parents can be included in your application.
Each family member needs their own documentation, including:
- Valid passport
- Birth certificates or marriage certificate
- Criminal record
- Health insurance coverage
Family members receive the same rights to education, healthcare, and eventual path to Portuguese residency status as the main applicant.
13. Comparing D7 and Other Portuguese Visa Options
14. Golden Visa
For many clients, I’m often asked to compare the D7 visa with the Portugal Golden Visa program. While both lead to similar long-term benefits, they target different applicants:
The Portugal D7 visa is ideal for those with reliable passive income, such as retirees, remote workers, or investors with steady returns. The financial threshold is much lower than investment visas, making it accessible to more people.
In contrast, the Portugal Golden Visa requires significant capital investment (starting at €500,000) but has less stringent residency requirements—you only need to spend about 7 days per year in Portugal. This residency by investment program is specifically designed for non-EU nationals and offers various investment options, including real estate (in certain areas), capital transfer, and job creation.
Your personal circumstances, financial situation, and plans for living in Portugal will determine which option better suits your needs.
15. D2 Visa Portugal: The Entrepreneur's Path
Looking for a way to build your business in Portugal? The D2 Visa might be your answer.
While my D7 clients arrive with passive income, my entrepreneurial clients often find the D2 Visa better suits their goals. This visa is designed specifically for business owners and independent professionals wanting to set up shop in Portugal.
Unlike the D7's focus on existing income, the D2 centers on your future business potential. You'll need a solid business plan showing how your venture will benefit Portugal's economy - whether through job creation, innovation, or investment.
The financial requirements differ significantly from the D7. Rather than proving ongoing passive income, you'll need to demonstrate access to capital for your business launch. The exact amount varies based on your business type, but plan for at least €5 -10,000 as a starting point, plus personal funds to support yourself (similar to D7 levels).
I've guided numerous clients through both visa processes, and the D2 application requires extra documentation:
- A detailed business plan with market analysis and financial projections
- Proof of qualifications and experience relevant to your business
- Evidence of investment capital or business financing
- Potential partnership agreements if applicable
The timeline mirrors the D7 process - approximately 2-3 months for initial approval, followed by resident permit application upon arrival. Like the D7, the D2 leads to temporary residency, renewable regularly, with the same path to permanent residency or citizenship after five years.
One key advantage: D2 holders often find it easier to demonstrate their economic integration during renewal phases, as their business activities create clear ties to Portugal. However, D2 applications face more scrutiny regarding business viability, particularly in saturated markets.
16. Portugal Digital Nomad Visa (D8)
Remote work has transformed how we live and travel - and Portugal has responded with the D8 Visa, tailored specifically for digital nomads and remote workers.
The D8 Visa, introduced in late 2022, fills an important gap between the D7 and D2 visas. While I've long advised remote workers that the D7 could accommodate their situation, the D8 now provides a clearer legal framework for digital professionals.
The key distinction: the D8 explicitly recognises income from remote employment or digital services as valid for residency purposes. This clarity removes the uncertainty some remote workers faced when applying via the D7 pathway, where employment income sometimes received extra scrutiny.
To qualify for the D8, you'll need to prove:
- An employment contract with a non-Portuguese company
- Average monthly income of at least four times the Portuguese minimum wage (approximately €3,280)
- Ability to work remotely via digital technologies
- Tax residence outside Portugal in the year before application
The D8 offers two options: a temporary stay visa for up to one year, or a residence permit allowing longer stays. For those seeking permanent roots in Portugal, the residence permit option parallels the D7 path, potentially leading to permanent residency or citizenship.
Application procedures match other visa types - submit documents to your local Portuguese consulate, attend an interview, then apply for your residence permit after arriving in Portugal.
For many of my clients weighing D7 versus D8 options, the decision comes down to income sources. Those with truly passive income (pensions, investments, property rentals) often find the D7 more suitable, while those dependent on active remote work contracts usually benefit from the D8's specific provisions.
Tax considerations also differ. While D7 applicants might benefit from the NHR tax regime if they became tax resident during the qualifying period, D8 holders need careful planning regarding tax residency status and international tax obligations. Many digital nomads structure their stays to maintain tax residency elsewhere while legally residing in Portugal.
Portugal's excellent digital infrastructure, with widely available high-speed internet and numerous co-working spaces in Lisbon, Porto, and even smaller cities, makes it particularly attractive for D8 applicants.
17. Portugal Job Visa: Traditional Employment Pathway
Not everyone has passive income sources or the ability to work remotely - and for these clients, Portugal's employment visa options may offer an alternatives to the D7.
The Portugal Work Visa (sometimes called D1 Visa) offers a traditional employment-based path to residency. Unlike the D7, which requires pre-existing passive income, the work visa hinges on securing a job offer from a Portuguese employer.
The fundamental requirement is a formal work contract with a Portuguese company. These visas connect to Portugal's labour market needs, meaning your employment must typically fall into sectors with worker shortages or require specialised skills not readily available locally.
The application process involves the following key players:
- You, the visa applicant, with your qualifications and experience
- Your Portuguese employer, who must justify hiring a non-EU worker
- The Portuguese labour authorities, who must approve the hiring
Portuguese employers must prove they've advertised the position locally and couldn't find qualified EU candidates. This additional hurdle makes the work visa much more challenging than the D7 in many cases.
Documentation requirements include:
- Your formal job offer or signed contract
- Proof of professional qualifications
- Criminal record certificates
- Valid passport
- Accommodation arrangements in Portugal
Processing times often extend beyond the D7 timeline, frequently taking 3-6 months due to the added labour authority approvals.
The salary requirements depend on the position but must comply with Portuguese labour laws and collective bargaining agreements for your profession. Generally, expect the threshold to be lower than the D8 visa requirements but sufficient to support yourself without public assistance.
The subsequent residency benefits mirror those of other visas - the same path to permanent residency and potential citizenship after five years, along with access to Portugal's social security system and family reunification options.
One significant advantage: work visa holders gain immediate integration into Portuguese professional life, often accelerating language acquisition and cultural adaptation compared to D7 holders who may have less daily interaction with locals.
The main drawback remains the dependency on continued employment. Job loss could potentially affect your residency status, requiring you to find new qualifying employment or switch to another visa category if possible.
For those interested in this pathway, I recommend focusing job searches on Portugal's growth sectors such as technology, tourism, healthcare, and specialized manufacturing, where skills shortages increase the likelihood of successful work visa applications.
The D2 visa suits those who:
- Plan to actively manage a business in Portugal
- Have entrepreneurial experience and a viable business concept
- Can demonstrate sufficient startup capital
- Seek a more active professional life in Portugal than the D7 allows
18. Common Challenges and Solutions
Based on my experience, here are common hurdles D7 visa applicants face:
Proving Stable Income Some clients struggle to demonstrate regular passive income. Solution: Consolidate income sources and provide detailed financial statements showing consistent deposits over 12+ months.
Property Requirements Finding appropriate accommodation can be challenging when you're not yet in Portugal. Solution: Use short-term rental contracts initially, or work with a real estate agent who can facilitate remote property viewing.
Language Barriers Official processes in Portugal often require Portuguese language skills. Solution: Work with a lawyer who can provide translation services and represent you during official appointments.
Appointment Delays Scheduling appointments with Portuguese immigration can be frustrating. Solution: Apply well in advance and remain flexible with travel plans.
19. Visa Renewal Process
Your initial residency permit is valid for two years. The renewal process requires:
- Proof of continued passive income
- Evidence you've maintained your tax residency in Portugal
- Proof you've spent the required time in Portugal
- Valid health insurance
- Updated criminal record check
I recommend starting the renewal process at least 30 days before your permit expires.
20. Path to Permanent Status
After five years of legal residence, you can apply for permanent residency in Portugal or Portuguese citizenship. For citizenship, you'll need:
- Five years of legal residency
- Basic Portuguese language proficiency (A2 level)
- Clean criminal record
- Integration into Portuguese society
Obtaining Portuguese citizenship grants you a Portuguese passport and all rights of a Portuguese citizen, including unrestricted access to live and work throughout the European Union.
21. Working in Portugal
Holders of the D7 Visa are permitted to work in Portugal, but you must first obtain a work permit. Alternatively, entrepreneurs may consider the D2 visa Portugal option specifically designed for business activities. The work permit is typically issued for a specific job and employer, and you must meet the necessary qualifications and experience requirements for the position.
If you are considering starting your own business in Portugal, you must meet the requirements for entrepreneurs. This includes having a comprehensive business plan and sufficient funds to support your business venture. Portugal offers a supportive environment for entrepreneurs, with various resources and incentives available to help you succeed.
It’s advisable to consult with a lawyer or business advisor to understand the specific requirements for working in Portugal. They can provide guidance on obtaining a work permit, starting a business, and ensuring compliance with all labor laws and regulations. This professional advice will help you navigate the process and make informed decisions about your career in Portugal.
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22. Retirement in Portugal
The Algarve has become a favoured destination to retire in Portugal. The country offers a range of benefits that make it an ideal place to spend your golden years.
The Portugal D7 Visa is particularly popular among retirees. This visa provides a straightforward pathway to residency and, eventually, citizenship in Portugal. To qualify, applicants must demonstrate a minimum passive income of €870 per month and meet basic language and cultural requirements.
Retirees in Portugal can also take advantage of the Non-Habitual Residency (NHR) scheme, which offers significant tax benefits. Under the NHR scheme, foreign income, including pensions, can be taxed at a flat rate of 20%, and in some cases, may even be exempt from taxation. This scheme is designed to attract foreign investment and talent, making Portugal an even more attractive option for retirees - however, it is now only open to those who became tax resident within the qualifying period.
Beyond the financial incentives, Portugal offers a high quality of life. The healthcare system is excellent, and there are numerous recreational activities to enjoy, from golfing and hiking to exploring the rich cultural heritage of the country. Whether you choose to settle in the bustling city of Lisbon, the scenic Algarve region, or the tranquil countryside, Portugal provides a welcoming and enriching environment for retirees.
In summary, Portugal’s combination of favorable visa options, tax benefits, and quality of life makes it an ideal destination for those looking to retire abroad.
23. Your Portuguese Future
The D7 visa offers a straightforward path to building a new life in Portugal. While the process requires attention to detail and patience, the rewards are substantial: a high quality of life, potential tax advantages, and a gateway to Europe.
As your legal advisor, my role is to smooth this journey, ensuring your application meets all requirements and anticipating potential challenges before they arise. With proper planning and expert guidance, your transition to becoming a Portuguese resident can be an exciting new chapter rather than a stressful ordeal.
Whether you're seeking retirement in the Algarve sunshine, digital nomad life in vibrant Lisbon, or a peaceful existence in the Portuguese countryside, the Portugal D7 visa opens the door to these possibilities with relatively modest financial requirements compared to other residency programs.
24. Frequently Asked Questions
Who is eligible for Portugal D7 visa?
Non-EU, EEA, or Swiss citizens who can prove stable passive income may qualify for the Portugal D7 Visa. Eligible applicants include retirees, remote workers, and entrepreneurs with a minimum income of €9,840 per year (€820 per month) from sources like pensions, rentals, dividends, or remote work. Family members can also apply, requiring 50% more for a spouse and 30% per dependent child.
Is Portugal D7 visa easy to get?
Yes, the Portugal D7 Visa is one of the easiest long-term residency visas to obtain. It is designed for retirees, remote workers, and passive income earners who can prove a stable income, secure accommodation, and valid health insurance. As long as these criteria are met, the application process is straightforward, with relatively high approval rates.
What is the disadvantage of a D7 Visa in Portugal?
One key disadvantage of the Portugal D7 Visa is its income restriction—only passive income (such as pensions, rental income, and dividends) qualifies, excluding salaries or freelance earnings. Additionally, visa holders must reside in Portugal for at least 183 days per year to maintain residency. Other drawbacks include potential tax obligations under Portugal’s tax system and long processing times for some applications.
Is Portugal's D7 Visa ending?
No, Portugal’s D7 Visa is not ending. Unlike the Golden Visa, which has undergone changes, the D7 Visa remains available for retirees, remote workers, and passive income earners. As of 2024, there have been no official announcements to discontinue or significantly alter the program. However, applicants should stay updated on possible policy changes
